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title : Linux 101 |
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author: zvevqx |
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published: 2025-11-22 |
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cat: linux |
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desc: ws |
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... |
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learn more about `ssh` -> [https://www.ssh.com/ssh/](https://www.ssh.com/ssh/) |
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- **linux** : |
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start terminal <key>ctrl</key> + <key>alt</key> + <key>t</key> |
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~~~ bash |
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ssh -p portnumber pi@er401.duckdns.org |
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ssh user @ distant_server.address : connection_port (default to 22 ) |
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~~~ |
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>⚠️ linux user : |
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> to copy inside the `terminal` : <key>ctrl</key> + <key>shift</key> + <key>c</key> |
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> to paste inside the `terminal` : <key>ctrl</key> + <key>shift</key> + <key>v</key> |
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- **Osx** : |
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start terminal ( <key> 🍎 </key> + <key> space </key> and search for `terminal`) |
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~~~bash |
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ssh pi@er401.duckdns.org:22 |
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~~~ |
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- **Windows** : |
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- install ```putty``` |
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- got to [putty download page](https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/latest.html) |
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- `putty` will give ~~windows~~ `ssh` ability ... |
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- connect to: |
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- server: ```er401.duckdns.org``` |
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- port ```22``` |
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- user `pi` |
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--- |
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--- |
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## create your new `home` |
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### first |
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1. *create a User* |
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``` |
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sudo useradd -m <username> -p <password> |
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``` |
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2. *add user to groups and privilege* |
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- add user to ```admin``` list |
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```bash |
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sudo usermod -a -G sudo yourUserName |
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``` |
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- change shell to ```zsh``` ( optional ) |
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```bash |
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chsh -s /bin/zsh |
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``` |
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- exit user ```pi``` |
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```bash |
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exit |
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``` |
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3. *reconnect with your `username` and `password`* |
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```bash |
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ssh YOUR_USER_NAME@er401.duckdns.org:22 |
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``` |
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4. welcome to your new `home` |
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1. your *home folder* is in `/home/yourUserName` |
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1. hint : you can check where you are with the command `pwd` (**P**rint **W**orking **D**irectory) |
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2. learm about linus folder structure -> [random first article on ddg search :) ](https://linuxhandbook.com/linux-directory-structure/) |
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--- |
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## create folder in ```apache``` server |
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wft is `apache` : |
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> apache is a http web server [wiki page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server) |
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there other solution like [https://www.lighttpd.net/]{https://www.lighttpd.net/} |
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`apache` is well documented and often the one you'll find on a web server service |
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1. create folder first with your username |
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```bash |
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sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/$USER |
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``` |
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2. change ownership to your user |
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```bash |
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sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/html/$USER |
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``` |
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3. make sure permissions on ```www``` are ok |
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```bash |
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sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www |
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``` |
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4. create your first webpage to serve |
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```bash |
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touch /var/www/html/$USER/index.html |
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``` |
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5. put something in it |
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```bash |
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nano /var/www/html/$USER/index.html |
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or |
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vim /var/www/html/$USER/index.html |
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``` |
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6. content example |
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~~~html |
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<html> |
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<head> |
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<meta charset="UTF-8"> |
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<title>Welcome to my page</title> |
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<style> |
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h1{ |
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font-size : 42px; |
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} |
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</style> |
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</head> |
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<body> |
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<h1> 📡 Success!! 📡 </h1> |
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</body> |
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</html> |
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~~~ |
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# DO SOME STUFF |
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## general `cli` commands |
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### navigate |
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- `.` the current directory ( folder) |
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- `..` the parent directory |
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- `man` : view the **man**ual of a command ( ex : ` man ls` ) |
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- `pwd ` : Use the **pwd** command to find out the path of the current working directory (folder) you’re in |
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- `cd` : **c**hange **d**irectory to go inside a new directory |
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- `ls` : **l**i**s**t the current directory content |
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- `cp` : to **c**o**p**y documents / folders |
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- `mv`: to **m**o**v**e documents / folder |
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- `mkdir`: **m**a**k**e **dir**ectory create a folder |
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- `touch`: create an empty file |
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- `rm` : **r**e**m**ove folder and files ***⚠️*** no return possible / read and think twice before smashing <key> enter </key> |
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- `find`: to find / search for files |
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### system stuffs |
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- `sudo` : **s**uper **u**ser **do** get super privileges to do system stuff ***⚠️*** `sudo` can do **ANYTHING** , even destroy system |
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- `du` : **d**isk **u**sage ... to see .. disk usage ( use it with `-h` argument for human readable output ) |
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- `top` and `htop` : to monitor system ( application / ram / cpu usage) |
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- `killall` : kill a process by name e:`killall firefox` will quit and kill all *firefix* process |
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- `uname ` : view system information ( kernel / linux version ....) |
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- `sudo reboot` : restart computer ( must be `sudo` to execute ) |
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- `sudo halt` || `sudo shutdown now` : shutdown computer ( must be `sudo`) |
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### general help |
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- <key>ctrl</key> + <key>r</key> : search in history for already used commands |
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- <key>ctrl</key> + <key>c</key> : **kill** running command |
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- list of softwares : [go to page](soft.html) |
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## mjpeg-streamer ( video server ) |
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```https://github.com/jacksonliam/mjpg-streamer``` |
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[github project page](https://github.com/jacksonliam/mjpg-streamer) |
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***⚠️*** don't follow the instructions during this class ( installation already done ) |
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- after install |
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- add your user to `video` group |
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~~~bash |
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usermod -a -G video $USER |
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~~~ |
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this will give your user to access camera equipement |
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- logout and back in |
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- go have a look |
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- start server |
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~~~bash |
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cd ~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental && ./mjpg_streamer -o "output_http.so -w ./www" -i "input_raspicam.so" |
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~~~ |
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- go check |
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~~~bash |
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#in a local network |
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http://IP_FOR_THE_RASPBERRY_PI:8080/?action=stream |
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#in that case with dyndns service ( duckdns ) and port redirection ( 666 -> 8080) |
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http://er401.duckdns.org:666/?action=stream |
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~~~ |
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# getting started with python |
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==underconstruction== |
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just some code to try |
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~~~python |
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import time |
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import math |
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x = 0 |
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try : |
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while True: |
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x = x+1 |
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time.sleep(0.5) |
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print(" la vlaeur de x est de = {}".format(x)) |
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if x>100: |
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x=0 |
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except KeyboardInterrupt: |
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print('Hello user you have pressed ctrl-c button.') |
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~~~ |
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