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title : Linux 101 author: zvevqx published: 2025-11-22 cat: linux desc: ws

...

learn more about ssh -> https://www.ssh.com/ssh/

linux :

start terminal ctrl + alt + t

ssh -p portnumber pi@er401.duckdns.org
ssh user @ distant_server.address : connection_port (default to 22 )

⚠️ linux user : to copy inside the terminal : ctrl + shift + c to paste inside the terminal : ctrl + shift + v

Osx :

start terminal ( 🍎 + space and search for terminal)

ssh pi@er401.duckdns.org:22

Windows :
install putty
- got to putty download page
  - putty will give ~~windows~~ ssh ability ...
connect to:
- server: er401.duckdns.org
- port 22
- user pi

create your new `home`

first

create a User

    sudo useradd -m <username> -p <password>

add user to groups and privilege

add user to admin list

    sudo usermod -a -G sudo yourUserName

change shell to zsh ( optional )

    chsh -s /bin/zsh

exit user pi

    exit

reconnect with your username and password

    ssh YOUR_USER_NAME@er401.duckdns.org:22

welcome to your new home
1. your home folder is in /home/yourUserName
  1. hint : you can check where you are with the command pwd (Print Working Directory)
2. learm about linus folder structure -> random first article on ddg search :)

create folder in `apache` server

wft is apache :

apache is a http web server wiki page

there other solution like [https://www.lighttpd.net/]{https://www.lighttpd.net/}

apache is well documented and often the one you'll find on a web server service

create folder first with your username

    sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/$USER

change ownership to your user

    sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/html/$USER

make sure permissions on www are ok

    sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www

create your first webpage to serve

    touch /var/www/html/$USER/index.html

put something in it

    nano /var/www/html/$USER/index.html
    or 
    vim /var/www/html/$USER/index.html

content example

    <html>
       <head>
          <meta charset="UTF-8">
          <title>Welcome to my page</title>
       <style>
         h1{
         font-size : 42px;
         }
        </style>
       </head>
    <body>
          <h1> 📡 Success!! 📡 </h1>
    </body>
    </html>

DO SOME STUFF

general `cli` commands

navigate

. the current directory ( folder)
.. the parent directory
man : view the manual of a command ( ex : man ls )
pwd : Use the pwd command to find out the path of the current working directory (folder) you’re in
cd : change directory to go inside a new directory
ls : list the current directory content
cp : to copy documents / folders
mv: to move documents / folder
mkdir: make directory create a folder
touch: create an empty file
rm : remove folder and files ⚠️ no return possible / read and think twice before smashing enter
find: to find / search for files

system stuffs

sudo : super user do get super privileges to do system stuff ⚠️ sudo can do ANYTHING , even destroy system
du : disk usage ... to see .. disk usage ( use it with -h argument for human readable output )
top and htop : to monitor system ( application / ram / cpu usage)
killall : kill a process by name e:killall firefox will quit and kill all firefix process
uname : view system information ( kernel / linux version ....)
sudo reboot : restart computer ( must be sudo to execute )
sudo halt || sudo shutdown now : shutdown computer ( must be sudo)

general help

ctrl + r : search in history for already used commands
ctrl + c : kill running command
list of softwares : go to page

mjpeg-streamer ( video server )

https://github.com/jacksonliam/mjpg-streamer

github project page

⚠️ don't follow the instructions during this class ( installation already done )

after install

add your user to video group
```
usermod -a -G video $USER
```
this will give your user to access camera equipement
logout and back in

go have a look

start server

cd ~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental &&  ./mjpg_streamer -o "output_http.so -w ./www" -i "input_raspicam.so"

go check

#in a local network
http://IP_FOR_THE_RASPBERRY_PI:8080/?action=stream
#in that case with dyndns service ( duckdns ) and port redirection ( 666 -> 8080)
http://er401.duckdns.org:666/?action=stream

getting started with python

==underconstruction==

just some code to try

import time
import math
x = 0
try :
    while True:
        x = x+1
        time.sleep(0.5)
        print(" la vlaeur de x est de = {}".format(x))
        if x>100:
            x=0
            
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print('Hello user you have pressed ctrl-c button.')

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create your new home